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Semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy, Rybelsus)

Also known as Ozempic, Wegovy and Rybelsus.

The trials tested Ozempic, Wegovy and Rybelsus. So who tested the vial sold online as semaglutide?

HisAibGluGlyThrPheThrSerAspValSerSerTyrLeuGluGlyGlnAlaAlaLysGluPheIleAlaTrpLeuValArgGlyArgGly
31 amino acids, in order. A double ring marks a mirror-image, modified or non-standard one. End caps, bridges and anything attached to the chain are not drawn. Source: FDA substance registry.
Human evidence
Grade A

Large trials

Completed randomized trials
12+

The plus sign marks a floor: the record counts more trials than it lists.

Approved?
US and EU

Approved in the US and the EU

Sport (WADA)
Monitored

Listed by WADA for monitoring.

Checked on .

How we count a trial
Short answer

As of September 2026, semaglutide is an approved medicine in the US and the EU for type 2 diabetes and weight management. In the US it is also approved to cut the risk of major heart events and for MASH liver disease. Those approvals cover the branded products. A compounded or "research" vial is a separate question, and you cannot tell from the outside which kind you are holding.

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What is semaglutide?

Semaglutide is a lab-modified copy of GLP-1, a gut hormone that helps control blood sugar and appetite. Novo Nordisk developed it. The FDA first approved it in 2017 as Ozempic for type 2 diabetes, then as Rybelsus in 2019 and as Wegovy in 2021.

Does semaglutide work?

For its approved uses, the FDA reviewed the trials and approved it. The record counts 12 completed randomized trials and lists four study rows, so the number shows as 12+ until every trial is listed.

What we found. 12+ completed randomized trials counted on the record. 4 study rows listed below, and two of them stand for whole programs of trials.

Studies on the semaglutide record: each study, what it was tested in, its status and what it shows.
SUSTAIN and PIONEER trial programsPeopleCompleted, reviewed by the FDABlood sugar control. They supported the Ozempic and Rybelsus approvals
STEP trialsPeopleCompleted, reviewed by the FDAWeight loss. They supported the Wegovy approval
SELECT heart outcomes trialPeopleCompleted, reviewed by the FDAFewer major heart events. The study list dates the label change to 2024
ESSENCE trial in MASHPeopleCompleted, reviewed by the FDAIt supported the 2025 approval for MASH with liver scarring
How we count a trial

Is semaglutide safe?

Known concerns include stomach and gut side effects, pancreatitis and gallbladder problems. Rodent studies showed a thyroid C-cell tumor signal, and what that means for people is still open. Safety beyond about five years of use is still being collected. All of that describes the maker's product. A vial from anywhere else is the next section.

What is in a vial sold as semaglutide?

Ozempic, Wegovy and Rybelsus are the maker's own products. A vial labeled semaglutide from a compounding pharmacy or a "research" seller is a different product, and none of the trials above tested it. A certificate of analysis counts only if it names your lot number, a lab with no stake in the result, and the method used.

Three questions to ask the seller:

  1. Which lot number is this certificate for?
  2. Who ran the test, and are they independent of you?
  3. Does the report confirm identity by mass spectrometry, or purity alone?
Score a seller on 20 criteria

What don't we know?

  • What happens after more than about five years of use.
  • What the rodent thyroid finding means for people.
  • What is in any vial that did not come from the maker.

The other side

The approved product comes with a prescription and a doctor's care, and the trial record behind it is the deepest on this Table. The open question on this page is the vial that came from somewhere else.

What would change this record?

  • Safety data from ten or more years of use.

Change log

  • Sport status corrected from "Not named" to "Monitored". WADA's 2026 Monitoring Program lists markers of semaglutide and tirzepatide.
  • Record checked. No change logged yet.
Every change on the Table

Three questions to ask next

Ask better questions.

More questions about semaglutide

Is Ozempic the same as semaglutide?

Ozempic is one of three brand names for semaglutide. The others are Wegovy and Rybelsus.

Is compounded semaglutide the same as Ozempic?

No. Ozempic is the maker's approved product. A compounded vial is a different product, and the trials did not test it.
Read the full answer

What is semaglutide approved for?

In the US: type 2 diabetes, weight management, cutting the risk of major heart events, and MASH liver disease. The record says the EU approvals are equivalent.

Is semaglutide safe over many years?

Nobody knows yet. The record says safety data beyond about five years of use are still being collected.

Is semaglutide banned in sport?

No. It is not on WADA's Prohibited List. WADA's 2026 Monitoring Program lists markers of semaglutide and tirzepatide, so WADA watches how they are used. If you compete, check the current List.
Sources

Record checked on . Each source shows the date it was checked.

Metabolic and weight

In the same group

All 12 in this group
Still curious

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